Stone artefact analysis is a crucial aspect of archaeological research that involves examining stone tools and other artefacts to understand past human behaviour, technology, and culture. This analysis provides valuable insights into how Aboriginal peoples engaged with their environments, developed and used technology, traded and lived their lives.

The study of stone artefacts generally focuses on their typology (classification), technology (how they were made), and use-wear (how they were used). Our analysis includes the identification and quantification of raw material, tool types, technological characteristics and changes through time. Our analysis is conducted in partnership with Aboriginal communities, usually on Country, where we teach and train alongside our scientific work.

Typology involves categorising stone artefacts based on their shape, size, and function. By classifying artefacts into different types, archaeologists can infer patterns in tool-making practices and identify cultural or chronological phases.

Technology refers to the methods used to produce stone tools. This includes analysing the techniques used to flake or grind stones, which can reveal the skill level and technological knowledge of the toolmakers. By examining the manufacturing processes, researchers can understand the cognitive and physical strategies employed in tool production.

Use-wear analysis involves studying the wear patterns on stone tools to determine their function and how they were used in daily activities. Microscopic examination of wear patterns can reveal whether a tool was used for cutting, scraping, or pounding, and can sometimes even indicate the types of materials it was used on, such as plant fibres or animal hides. This information helps archaeologists reconstruct past subsistence strategies and social practices.

In addition to these primary aspects, stone artefact analysis can provide insights into trade and exchange networks. By comparing the sources of raw materials used in tool production with those found at archaeological sites, researchers can trace the movement of goods and understand the extent of social and economic interactions between different groups.

Overall, stone artefact analysis is a window into the technological ingenuity and daily life of Aboriginal societies. It helps build a picture of how people lived, worked, and interacted with their changing environment.